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EFCC - Najeriya


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Gabatarwa

Hukumar Yaƙi da Manyan Laifukan Tattalin Arziƙi da Kuɗaɗe ta Najeriya, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, wadda ake rubutawa da EFCC a taƙaice, hukuma ce da aka kafa a cikin shekarar 2003, zamanin shugaban ƙasa Olusegun Obasanjo, GCFR biyowa bayan dokar kafa hukumar da Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya ta kafa a cikin shekarar 2002; dokar da aka yi wa gyaran fuska a shekarar 2004.

Asali

Dokar Majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya ta shekarar 2002 mai taken Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 2002 ce ta kafa wannan hukuma. Sashen farko na kundin tsarin dokokin Hukumar Yaƙi da Manyan Laifukan Tattalin Arziƙi da Kuɗaɗe (EFCC) na 2002, ya bayyana cewa:

There is established a body to be known as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (in this Act referred to as “the Commission”) which shall be constituted in accordance with and shall have such functions as are conferred on it by this Act.

Abin nufi a nan shi ne cewa: “A samar da wata hukuma da za a kira da suna Hukumar Yaƙi da Manyan Laifukan Tattalin Arziƙi da Kuɗaɗe, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission wadda za a kafa bisa dacewa da doka tare kuma da samun ayyukan da wannan dokar ta ɗora mata”.

Wannan saɗara, ita ce ta bayar da izinin kafa wannan hukuma wadda aka yi a cikin shekarar 2003 a zamanin shugaban ƙasar Najeriya Olushegun Obasanjo, GCFR tare kuma da zamowar Nuhu Ribaɗo a matsayin shugabanta na farko.

Sai dai, a wani rahoto da Acauthorities (2015), suka fitar sun bayyana cewa daga cikin dalilan da suka saka aka kafa wannan hukuma akwai matsin lamba da gwamnatin Najeriya ta samu daga Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), abin da ya kai ga zayyana sunan Najeriya a cikin jerin sunayen ƙasashe 23 a duniya da basa bayar da haɗin kai ga yunƙurin hukumar na daƙile satar kuɗaɗen gwamnatoci a duniya.


Helkwatar EFCC da ke Abuja   Hoto Daily Nigerian

Ayyuka

A ƙarshen saɗarar sakin layi na farko, a sashen farko na kundin dokokin EFCC an bayyana cewa (And shall have such functions as are conferred on it by this Act). Wanda muka bayanna da cewa: “Tare kuma da samun ayyukan da wannan dokar ta ɗora mata”. To yanzu an zo gaɓar.

Shashe na biyu, sakin layi na 1 na kundin ya ce: The Commission shall be responsible for, abin nufi, Hukumar ta aiwatar da ayyukan da suka haɗa da:

  1. Aiwatarwa tare kuma da cikakkiyar gudanar da tanade-tanaden wannan doka;
  2. Bincikar dukkan manyan laifukan kuɗaɗe ciki kuma har da damfarar kuɗaɗen kafin alƙalami (advance fee fraud), karkatar da kuɗaɗen (money laundering), satar fasaha (counterfeiting), karɓar kuɗaɗen haraji ba bisa ƙa’ida ba (illegal charge transfers), damfara cikin cinikayyar Intanet (future market fraud), ɗungushe ko aringizon kuɗaɗe kayayyakin da aka cimma daidaito (fraudulent encashment of negotiable instruments), damfara ta hanyar katin bashin kwamfuta (computer credit card fraud), zamba cikin aminci (contract scam), da sauransu;
  3. Yin rigar-tsakani tare kuma da aiwatar da dukan wata dokar da ta shafi manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe da aka ɗora wa wani ko wata hukuma alhakin aiwatar da ita (Wato alhakin hukumar EFCC ne ta ga cewa, an aiwatar da dokokin da suka shafi manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe da aka ɗorawa wani ko wata hukuma wadda ba ita ta hanyar shiga tsakani tare kuma da tursasa aiwatar da dokokin);
  4. Ɗaukar matakan bincike, bin diddigi, dakatarwa, ƙwacewa ko karɓe dukiyar da take da tushe daga ayyukan ta’addanci, ko kuma laifukan da suka danganci manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe, ko kuma kadarorin da ƙimarsu ta yi daidai da waccar dukiya;
  5. Ɗaukar matakan kawar da manyan laifukan kuɗaɗe da tattalin arziƙi;
  6. Ɗaukar matakan da suka haɗa da ayyukan kariya da daidaiton haɗin-guiwa, fitarwa tare da tattala hanyoyin bincike da sarrafa su domin hana afkuwar laifuka da suka shafi tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe;
  7. Samar da hanyoyin da za su hanzarta kawo sauyin kimiyya da fasahar bayanai cikin yadda ake gudanar da aikin haɗin-guiwa domin kawar da afkuwar manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe;
  8. Bincike tare da nazartar dukkan laifukan da aka samu rahotonsu waɗanda suka shafi manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe da nufin gano ɗaiɗaikun mutane, kamfanoni ko ƙungiyoyin da abin ya shafa;
  9. Gano zurfin hasarar kuɗaɗe sauran hasarorin da gwamnati, kamfanoni ko ƙungiyoyi suka tafka;
  10. Haɗa hannu da hukumomin gwamnati na ciki da wajen Najeriya domin aiwatar da dukkan ayyukan ko wani sashe da ya dace da ayyukan hukumar da suka shafi;
  11. Ganowa da kuma samun gurare da kuma aikace-aikacen mutanen da ake zargi samun hannuwansu cikin manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe,
  12. Sufurin dukiya ko kadarar da aka samo daga hukumar tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe da sauran laifuka masu alaƙa,
  13. Musayar ma’aikata ko sauran ƙwararru,
  14. Samarwa tare da kulawa da tsarin da zai saka ido kan manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe na ƙasa-da-ƙasa domin gano cinikayyar da ake zargi da kuma mutanen da suke da hannu a ciki,
  15. Tattala bayanai, ƙididdiga, da rahotanni a kan mutum, kamfani, dukiya, kadara, takardu, ko wasu abubuwa ko kadarorin da suke da hannu cikin manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe,
  16. Gudanar da nazari da sauran makamantan ayyuka da nufin samo takamaiman bakin zare, zurfi, ƙima, da kuma tasirin manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe tare da bai wa gwamnati shawarar takamaiman matakan-saka-hannu da za ta ɗaukan domin yaƙar abin
  17. Ɗaukar gabaren gudanar da, saka-ido, sarrafawa da kuma haɗin-guiwar dukkan ɗawainiyoyi, nauye-nauye da aikace-aikacen da suke da alaƙa da binciken da ake gudanarwa da kuma gurfanarwa a gaban kotu na dukkan laifukan da ke da dangantaka da ko suke da alaƙa da manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe bisa tuntuɓar Alƙalin-Alƙalan (Attorney-General) Tarayya;
  18. Haɗin-guiwa (da wasu hukumomi masu alaƙa) cikin dukkan binciken manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe da sashen bincike (na dukkan hukumar da ba EFCC) ake kan gudanar da shi a Najeriya;
  19. Wanzar da haɗa-hannu da ofishin Alƙalin-Alƙalan Tarayya, Hukumar Hana Fasa Ƙwauri (Nigerian Customs Service), Hukumar Shigi-da-Fici, Hukumar Firsina, Babban Bankin Ƙasa, Hukumar Adana Kuɗaɗe (NDIC), Hukumar Hana Sha da Fataucin Miyagun Ƙwayoyi, da sukkan hukumomin gwamnati da alhakin tsaro da aiwatar da dokoki suka rataya a wuyansu da sauran hukumomin da suke saka-ido cikin harkokin kuɗaɗe domin kawar da manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe;
  20. Gudanarwa tare da wanzar da ingantaccen gangamin wayar da kan al’umma game da yaƙi da manyan laifukan tattalin arziƙi da kuɗaɗe a ciki da wajen Najeriya da kuma;
  21. Yin dukkan mai yiwuwa bisa dacewa domin ganin an aiwatar da duka ko wasu ayyukan da wannan kundin dokoki ya ɗora mata. 

 Iko

Wannan hukuma tana da ikon:

  1. Aiwatar da bincike domin gano mutumin da ya aikata laifi a ƙarƙashin kundin dokokin kafa hukumar (EFCC Establishment Act) na 2002.
  2. Damar bincikar dukiyar kowane mutum, da nufin gano cewa ko wannan mutum yana aikata laifi a ƙarƙashin dokokin kafa hukumar (establishment act), ko a cikin dukiyar da ta shafi kowane daga cikin waɗancan laifuka, idan har ta bayyana ga hukumar cewa yanayin rayuwar da mutumin yake gudanarwa ya wuce samunsa.

Abokan Hulɗa

Bisa dacewa da ƙaramin tanadin (m), sakin layi na (1), sashe na 5, kashi na II na Kundin Dokokin Kafa Hukumar EFCC (tanadi na 13 da ke sama), Hukumar Yaƙi da Manyan Laifukan Tattalin Arziƙi da Kuɗaɗe ta Najeriya tana aiki ka’in-da’na’in tare da haɗin guiwar wasu fitattun hukumomin tsaro a ciki da wajen Najeriya domin daƙile ayyukan da suka shafi ɓarnatar da dukiya da kuma kadarori a ciki da wajen Najeriya. ISSAT (2021), ta ruwaito waɗannan sunaye a matsayin hukumomin da EFCC take aiki tare da su domin cimma buri: FBI, Metropolitan Police, German Police, Canadian Police, USAID, DFID, Bankin Duniya, The UNODC, Commonwealth Secretariat, da sauransu.

Manazarta

Acauthorities (2015). Anti-Corruption Authorities, Profiles: Nigeria. An ciro a 2021, daga. https://www.acauthorities.org/country/ng

ISSAT (2021). Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). An ciro a 2021, daga https://issat.dcaf.ch/Share/People-Organisations/Organisations/Economic-and-Financial-Crimes-Commission 

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